A.1 Kinematics

Study of motion without considering its causes. Core content for all students.

A.2 Forces and momentum

Covers Newton’s laws, impulse, and conservation of momentum. Core content.

A.3 Work, energy and power

Explores energy transformations and power output. Core content.

A.4 Rigid body mechanics

Focuses on torque, rotational dynamics, and equilibrium. HL only.

A.5 Galilean and special relativity

Introduces relativity concepts including time dilation. HL only.

B.1 Thermal energy transfers

Includes conduction, convection, and radiation. Core content.

B.2 Greenhouse effect

Explores mechanisms and impact of greenhouse gases. Core content.

B.3 Gas laws

Covers pressure, volume, and temperature relationships. Core content.

B.4 Thermodynamics

Discusses laws of thermodynamics and energy conversions. HL only.

B.5 Current and circuits

Examines electric current, resistance, and simple circuits. Core content.

C.1 Simple harmonic motion

Study of oscillatory motion such as springs and pendulums. Core content.

C.2 Wave model

Focuses on properties and behaviors of waves. Core content.

C.3 Wave phenomena

Explores interference, diffraction, and polarization. HL only.

C.4 Standing waves and resonance

Describes resonance effects and standing waves in systems. HL only.

C.5 Doppler effect

Studies frequency changes due to relative motion. HL only.

D.1 Gravitational fields

Covers Newton's law of gravitation and field concepts. HL only.

D.2 Electric and magnetic fields

Explores electric fields, magnetic forces, and applications. HL only.

D.3 Motion in electromagnetic fields

Focuses on particle behavior in combined fields. HL only.

D.4 Induction

Covers electromagnetic induction and applications like transformers. HL only.

E.1 Structure of the atom

Discusses atomic models and internal structure. Core content.

E.2 Quantum physics

Introduces quantization of energy and photoelectric effect. HL only.

E.3 Radioactive decay

Explains nuclear decay processes and half-life. Core content.

E.4 Fission

Covers nuclear fission and power generation. HL only.

E.5 Fusion and stars

Explores stellar formation, fusion reactions, and life cycles of stars. HL only.